The time for negotiations was over, and the government called for the Governors report on the situation, a legal requirement for Central intervention. Updates? The formation of the Namboodiripad government, the movement against it and its dismissal is a saga that had both domestic and international dimensions of immense historical significance. The Kerala High Court found him guilty of contempt of court. Many commentaries have been published on the life and work of EMS Namboodiripad after his death on March 19, 1998. Published: 12th April 2009 12:33 AM . (My column in Mint Lounge, March 25 2017). Why did Nehru succumb to pressure from Gandhi? By the mid-1930s, Sankaran had veered towards the socialist camp within the Congress, and despite a stint with the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee and election to the Madras legislature, he wasnt convinced by Gandhithe Mahatma might achieve political freedom, but what about social liberation and freedom from the bondage of class? Home Minister G B Pant led the pack. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, US Ambassador to India from 1973-75, in his memoir A Dangerous Place (1978), alleged that the CIA contributed money to Indira Gandhi to help defeat Kerala's communist government. A Swedish journalist Bertil Falk has described the heated exchanges that took place between Indira and Feroze at a breakfast table in Teen Murti House, the Prime Ministers residence. Namboodiripad, in full Elamkulam Manakal Sankaran Namboodiripad, (born June 13, 1909, near Perinthalmanna, Indiadied March 19, 1998, Thiruvananthapuram), Indian communist leader and theorist who served as chief minister of Kerala state from 1957 to 1959 and from 1967 to 1969. Eminent commentators and CPI (M) leaders have put on record the dubious role of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in supporting the anti-communist movement in Kerala. E.M.S. Interestingly, it was the first of many such undemocratic dismissals of non-Congress state governments that became Gandhis controversial legacy. His grandson (Sreedharan's son) Sujith Shankar is an actor. As a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI), he became the first non-Congress Chief Minister in the Indian republic. What he writes is taken seriously. He was a writer and author of several literary works and his book on the history of Kerala is notable. He was a member of the Congress Socialist Party, a group within the Congress, along with Jayaprakash Narayan and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia, and later joined the undivided CPI. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). As a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI), he became the first non-Indian National Congress chief minister in the Indian republic. There were many lessons to be drawn from the historic Kerala events of 1957-59. None of the above measures were radically different from what the Nehru government at the Centre had been promising and had been even partly implemented by some Congress state governments. [19] According to the biography of former US Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker, "the election results rang alarm bells in Washington".[20][21]. He also was well known as a journalist. All this, however, does not mean that religious fanaticism was totally absent in the rebellion. When Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad, or just EMS, was sworn in as the head of a communist government in Kerala on 5th April 1957, alarm bells began ringing in Washington, DC. E.M.S. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: Writer and critic B Rajeevan said that E M S Namboodiripad had the quintessential quality a communist leader must possess, which is critical consciousness. Why have people turned to Communism. P.M. Mathew. As the movement gained momentum, the Congress jumped into the fray, leading to the formation of a joint front of opposing groups to launch a state-wide agitation. During this period, he was also elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly (1939). In his early years, he was a close friend of Sr. There were important gods for men and less important gods for women, all stationed inside the house. In a curious turn of history, she was appointed Congress President on 2nd February 1959, two years after Namboodiripad formed the government. E.M.S. Namboodiripad's most popular book is Mooladhanam: oru mukhavura | : . EMS belongs to the group of moral agents named intellectuals. They, including his mother, wereantharjanam(literally, indoor-people), the only women in Kerala who lived in purdah. Three more deaths occurred in his family within five years after his death, starting with his daughter-in-law Dr. Yamuna in August 2001, and later followed by his wife Arya Antharjanam in January 2002 and elder son E.M. Sreedharan in November 2002. In the 2014 film Vasanthathinte Kanal Vazhikalil, Sudheesh reprises the role of Namboodiripad. Treading a middle ground, he advised Namboodiripad to resign and call for fresh elections, which would test the Oppositions claim that the government had lost the popular mandate. EMS Namboodiripad was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister (CM) of Kerala state between 1957-59 and again between 1967-69. Interestingly, some senior party leaders who had played an important role in her becoming party President were among those most vocal in opposing the government. Their daily fare included blown rice, then cooked rice and, in the end, milk porridge and, now and then, the gods possessed an oracle to make their views heard. Thus began a series of street protests, demonstrations and marches all over Kerala. Did the Eisenhower administration play a role in the ouster of Namboodiripad, as has been revealed in recent years? There were processions of parasol-wielding servants but modernity meant that there was also a motorcar at Elamkulam Mana, Sankarans ancestral home. In 1958, he had spoken of his desire to retire from the burden he carried on his shoulders. Crisis Into Chaos E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1981 Kerala: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1967 India Under Congress Rule E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1967 A History of Indian Freedom Struggle E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1986 Dismissal of the First Communist Ministry in Kerala and the USA Dr. Ajayan. Protests, rallies, closure of schools and colleges, and clashes between agitators and the police became the order of the day. Namboodiripad, who began his political life as an ardent Gandhian, was uniquely positioned to analyse the various phases of the national movement and the role of Gandhi. You are a fascist, he shouted, as Nehru looked aghast. The Hindu. Nehrus logic was that the resignation would obviate the need for invoking Article 356. After the split in the CPI in 1964, Namboodiripad sided with the CPI (M). EMS was, as your Cover Story has put it, an "anti-imperialist and freedom fighter, social. E.M.S. The poem Stammer is penned down by K Satchidanandan. P. Parameswaran set in motion ideology of integral humanism in Kerala. Though the party considered Kesari one of the visionaries of the Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters in Kerala, serious differences of opinion emerged between full-time Communist Party activists and other personalities, namely Kesari and Mundassery. When the CPI split in 1964, EMS stood with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). Namboodiripad was the Leader of Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1977. In 1969 his coalition split, and he resigned as chief minister to once again become the leader of the opposition in the Kerala legislative assembly. Amma and T V Thomas became the first couple in a government when the two ministers in chief minister EMS Namboodiripad's ministry got married the same year. Until the Kerala government was dismissed in 1959, the Centre had invoked Article 356 on only four earlier occasions. Chiinu International Airport.jpg 5,184 3,456; 4.89 MB. Omissions? Radhakrishnan - is the English version of that effort. (Former Kerala chief minister) E M S Namboodiripad and the Communist Party of India-Marxist also called for reforms in the Muslim community, but they were opposed staunchly by Muslim. As chief minister, EMS pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala, which helped it become the country's leader in social indicators. The Centre invoked Article 356 of the Constitution, which empowers the President of India to order the dismissal of any state government in the event of a breakdown of the law and order machinery. Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad (13 June 1909 - 19 March 1998), popularly EMS, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala state in 1957-59 and then again in 1967-69. In Kerala, private education was a big business. When elections were held in Kerala six months later, the Congress won 60 seats with allies, the Indian Union Muslim League and some other parties, and formed the government. First published by Orient Longman under the title 'Conflicts and crisis' in 1974. BORN on June 13, 1909, EMS was the son of Elankulam Manakkal Parameswaran Namboodiripad, a Sanskrit scholar, and Vishnudatta. I think the more general question is worth answering. This century saw the birth and transformation of India. When it was pointed out to Subhas that the late EMS Namboodiripad had refused the Padma Bhushan, the Minister said: "Aren't we still paying for that refusal?" Basu's retort seems to have drawn the curtains over the issue. And now, the enemy was winning. Share Via Email. Then it was only a matter of time for the unification of both . It showed that caste- and religion-based interests were too powerful to allow godless communists to implement social and economic reforms. She was a founding member of the. He accused the Congress and Indira of colluding with the casteists and communal forces to attack the democratically-elected communist government. T 2016-03-15 In the first general Namboodiripad was witness to what he would have conceivably loathed most in his life: the BJP's ascent to power. E.M.S. Kerala became a state on 1st November 1956, following the State Reorganisation Commissions recommendations. Namboodiripad, in full Elamkulam Manakal Sankaran Namboodiripad, (born June 13, 1909, near Perinthalmanna, Indiadied March 19, 1998, Thiruvananthapuram), Indian communist leader and theorist who served as chief minister of Kerala state from 1957 to 1959 and from 1967 to 1969. Exactly what a good Kashmiri Brahmin should offer a good Namboodiri Brahmin from Kerala, laughed the Commiefish, meat and chicken!, Your email address will not be published. There she launched a scathing attack on the communists, even branding them as agents of the Chinese. He completed his graduation from St. Thomas College, Thrissur Kerala. Namboodiripad (1909-1998) was one of the key figures in Indian Communism. E.M.S. Retrieved on 13 December 2013. A stammer is the silence that falls between the word and its meaning, He felt Gandhis account of the Kerala situation was understated. During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, he was among leaders who aired China's view on the border issue. 1.1 Related. Soon, in his own scattered way, he was protesting Bhagat Singhs death sentence and championing Mahatma Gandhis civil disobedience movement, and in 1932 he was arrested for the first time. Kerala Governor K Ramakrishna Rao, a former right-wing Congress leader, also belonged to the same group. He was regarded as orthodox in his Communism. At a party meeting, he said, Where are the principles of the Congress? But then, the marks of drawing were not counted in the final examination, and as such it did not worry me.. To a Namboodiri, this meant irretrievable loss of status, but Sankaran, already written off as a rotten egg, was surveying other characteristics of the experience. He was actively involved in the anti-caste movement in Kerala, was erudite and a prolific writer, who excelled in both political treatise and literary works. [4], He was well known for his stammer. One interviewer asked him if he stammered always. In an interview to Doordarshan, Justice Iyer revealed that Namboodiripad had sent him to meet Nehru to apprise him of the Congresss role. The results of the Assembly elections were surprising. Namboodiripad became a member of the Congress Socialist Party in 1934, but he soon shifted to the Communist Party of India (CPI). He ended it as a rationalist, with no gods for company and quite a different kind of menu. This debate is known as "Rupa Bhadrata Vivadam", an important milestone in the growth of modern Malayalam literature. Authorization Method & Scope Following the mandate of the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP) of the Government of India that applies to all shareable non-sensitive data available either in digital or analog forms but generated using public funds by . In his book Feroze: The Forgotten Gandhi (2016 ), Falk says Feroze lost his cool when the dismissal of the communist government came up for discussion. Alternate titles: Elamkulam Manakal Sankaran Namboodiripad, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/E-M-S-Namboodiripad, MapsofIndia.com - Biography of E. M. S. Namboodiripad, ILoveIndia.com - Biography of E M S Namboodiripad. He became one of the office-bearers of Valluvanadu Yogaskshema Sabha, an organisation of progressive Namboothiri youth. On 31st July 1959, six months after she became party chief, the Namboodiripad government was sacked on the insistence of Gandhi. He played an important role in the Independence Struggle and was jailed a couple of times for this. Feroze was so upset with Indira and the overthrow of the Namboodiripad government that he once called his wife a fascist in front of Nehru. Has the Congress fallen so low that we are going to be dictated by the communal elements, by leaders of caste? She heard him out but to no avail. Bio: EMS (Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad) was an Indian communist politician and thinker who ruled as Kerala's first Chief Minister in 1957-59 then in 1967-69. . You are bullying people. He was associated with V. T. Bhattathiripad, M. R. Bhattathiripad and many others in the fight against the casteism and conservatism that existed in the Namboothiri community. Many experts have noted that by the late 1950s, Nehru was showing signs of fatigue and political weakness. Namboodiripad was born on 13 June 1909 into an aristocratic upper-caste Brahmin family in the Elamkulam village in Kerala. Namboodiripad Born On: 13 June 1909 Born In: Malappuram District, Kerala Died On: March 19, 1998 Career: Politics Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad was an Indian Communist and the first non-Congress Chief Minister of Kerala. It went to the polls in February 1957 when the second General Elections were held. Ferozes attack on her and her father had sharply increased after Indira assumed the Congress presidency. I cant take that.. In 1960 Namboodiripad was elected to the Kerala legislative assembly, where he served as the leader of the opposition. Ten years later, after independence and a sustained political movement, he was sworn in as the first chief minister of Kerala, in 1957. After the meeting, Namboodiripad drove down to Delhi. "No, only when I speak, " replied EMS, leaving the reporter dumbstruck. The Namboodiris are the Brahmins and at the time, they were a feudal elite who intermarried with the Nairs (the caste of the monarchs) to dominate society, art, culture, politics and even the economy. Even so, the patently undemocratic decision to dismiss a duly elected government is a blot on Nehrus democratic credentials. [7][8] He described Mahatma Gandhi as a Hindu fundamentalist.[9]. Namboodiripad became the Chief Minister of Kerala for the second time in 1967 as the leader of a seven-party coalition (Saptakakshi Munnani) which included the CPI and Muslim League. The Church led the campaign against the reforms. Lets look at possible scenarios. This article is part of our special series the Making of Modern India through which we are focussing on the period between 1900-2000. 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